Active and Passive Voice Rules for Jharkhand TET 2026

Unictest Team

Updated: 2026-04-23 · English

Jharkhand TET (JTET) English: Active and Passive Voice Rules Explained | एक्टिव पैसिव वॉयस नियम

झारखंड शिक्षक पात्रता परीक्षा (JTET) की तैयारी कर रहे सभी उम्मीदवारों के लिए अंग्रेजी व्याकरण एक महत्वपूर्ण खंड है। इसमें 'Active and Passive Voice' यानी 'सक्रिय और निष्क्रिय वाच्य' के नियम समझना अत्यंत आवश्यक है। यह टॉपिक न केवल आपकी अंग्रेजी समझ को बेहतर बनाता है बल्कि परीक्षा में अच्छे अंक प्राप्त करने में भी मदद करता है। Unictest पर, हम आपको JTET के लिए Active and Passive Voice के नियमों को विस्तार से समझाएंगे ताकि आप इस खंड में कोई गलती न करें।

The English language section in the Jharkhand Teacher Eligibility Test (JTET) is crucial for all aspiring teachers. Among the various grammar topics, understanding 'Active and Passive Voice' rules is paramount. This topic not only enhances your comprehension of English but also significantly contributes to scoring well in the exam. At Unictest, we aim to provide a comprehensive guide to Active and Passive Voice rules specifically tailored for the JTET exam, ensuring you master this section.

What is Voice in English Grammar? | अंग्रेजी व्याकरण में वाच्य क्या है?

In English grammar, 'Voice' refers to the form of a verb that shows whether the subject of the sentence performs the action (Active Voice) or receives the action (Passive Voice). Understanding this distinction is fundamental for clear and effective communication, and more importantly, for tackling the JTET English section.

Active Voice (सक्रिय वाच्य): When the subject of the sentence performs the action. The subject is the 'doer' of the action. Example: She writes a letter. (यहां 'She' पत्र लिखने का काम कर रही है।)
Passive Voice (निष्क्रिय वाच्य): When the subject of the sentence receives the action. The action is performed on the subject. Example: A letter is written by her. (यहां 'A letter' पर लिखने का काम किया जा रहा है।)

Note: Active voice is generally preferred for directness and clarity, but passive voice is useful when the doer of the action is unknown, unimportant, or when we want to emphasize the action itself or the recipient of the action. JTET परीक्षा में आपको अक्सर सक्रिय से निष्क्रिय और निष्क्रिय से सक्रिय में बदलने के लिए प्रश्न मिलेंगे।

Importance of Active and Passive Voice for JTET | JTET के लिए एक्टिव और पैसिव वॉयस का महत्व

JTET Paper I (Classes 1-5) and Paper II (Classes 6-8) both include an English language section where grammar rules are tested. Questions on Active and Passive Voice are a regular feature in these exams. These questions typically involve:

Changing a sentence from Active to Passive Voice.
Changing a sentence from Passive to Active Voice.
Identifying the correct voice of a given sentence.
Filling in the blanks with the correct verb form in Active or Passive Voice.

Mastering these rules can help you secure easy marks and improve your overall score. As an aspiring teacher, a strong grasp of grammar is also essential for teaching students effectively. Let's dive deep into the specific rules for various tenses and sentence types.

झारखंड टीईटी में अच्छे अंक प्राप्त करने के लिए इन नियमों को समझना और उनका अभ्यास करना महत्वपूर्ण है। यह आपको न केवल परीक्षा में मदद करेगा, बल्कि एक शिक्षक के रूप में छात्रों को सही अंग्रेजी सिखाने में भी सहायक होगा।

Important Topics Data

Tense	Active Voice Structure	Passive Voice Structure	Example (Active to Passive)
Simple Present	Subject + V1/V1-s/es + Object	Object + is/am/are + V3 + by + Subject	He writes a letter. → A letter is written by him.
Present Continuous	Subject + is/am/are + V-ing + Object	Object + is/am/are + being + V3 + by + Subject	She is singing a song. → A song is being sung by her.
Present Perfect	Subject + has/have + V3 + Object	Object + has/have + been + V3 + by + Subject	They have built a house. → A house has been built by them.
Simple Past	Subject + V2 + Object	Object + was/were + V3 + by + Subject	He ate an apple. → An apple was eaten by him.
Past Continuous	Subject + was/were + V-ing + Object	Object + was/were + being + V3 + by + Subject	She was reading a book. → A book was being read by her.
Past Perfect	Subject + had + V3 + Object	Object + had + been + V3 + by + Subject	They had completed the work. → The work had been completed by them.
Simple Future	Subject + will/shall + V1 + Object	Object + will/shall + be + V3 + by + Subject	I will finish the task. → The task will be finished by me.
Modals	Subject + Modal + V1 + Object	Object + Modal + be + V3 + by + Subject	You can solve this problem. → This problem can be solved by you.

Detailed Notes

General Rules for Changing Active to Passive Voice | एक्टिव से पैसिव में बदलने के सामान्य नियम

While specific rules vary with tenses, some general principles apply to all voice transformations:

Subject becomes Object and Vice-versa: The object of the active voice sentence becomes the subject of the passive voice sentence, and the subject of the active voice sentence becomes the object (preceded by 'by') in the passive voice.
Use of 'Be' Verb: A form of the verb 'to be' (is, am, are, was, were, be, being, been) is always used in the passive voice, according to the tense.
Past Participle (V3): The main verb in the passive voice is always in its past participle form (V3).
Preposition 'by': The preposition 'by' is generally used before the agent (the original subject) in the passive voice, though it can sometimes be omitted if the agent is unknown or unimportant.

Tense-Wise Active and Passive Voice Rules for JTET | JTET के लिए काल के अनुसार एक्टिव-पैसिव नियम

Let's look at the rules for different tenses:

1. Simple Present Tense

Active: Subject + V1/V1-s/es + Object
Passive: Object (new subject) + is/am/are + V3 + by + Subject (new object)
Example: Active: She reads a book. Passive: A book is read by her.

2. Present Continuous Tense

Active: Subject + is/am/are + V-ing + Object
Passive: Object (new subject) + is/am/are + being + V3 + by + Subject (new object)
Example: Active: He is writing a letter. Passive: A letter is being written by him.

3. Present Perfect Tense

Active: Subject + has/have + V3 + Object
Passive: Object (new subject) + has/have + been + V3 + by + Subject (new object)
Example: Active: They have finished the work. Passive: The work has been finished by them.

4. Simple Past Tense

Active: Subject + V2 + Object
Passive: Object (new subject) + was/were + V3 + by + Subject (new object)
Example: Active: She bought a car. Passive: A car was bought by her.

5. Past Continuous Tense

Active: Subject + was/were + V-ing + Object
Passive: Object (new subject) + was/were + being + V3 + by + Subject (new object)
Example: Active: He was reading a novel. Passive: A novel was being read by him.

6. Past Perfect Tense

Active: Subject + had + V3 + Object
Passive: Object (new subject) + had + been + V3 + by + Subject (new object)
Example: Active: They had completed the task. Passive: The task had been completed by them.

7. Simple Future Tense

Active: Subject + will/shall + V1 + Object
Passive: Object (new subject) + will/shall + be + V3 + by + Subject (new object)
Example: Active: She will write an essay. Passive: An essay will be written by her.

Important: Future Continuous, Present Perfect Continuous, Past Perfect Continuous, and Future Perfect Continuous Tenses usually DO NOT have a passive voice construction. However, some advanced grammarians might present exceptions, but for JTET, focus on the common ones.

Important Questions & Tips

Rules for Modals in Active and Passive Voice | मॉडल्स के नियम

Modals (can, could, may, might, must, should, would, etc.) follow a straightforward rule:

Active: Subject + Modal + V1 + Object
Passive: Object (new subject) + Modal + be + V3 + by + Subject (new object)
Example: Active: You must complete the assignment. Passive: The assignment must be completed by you.

Rules for Imperative Sentences | आज्ञासूचक वाक्यों के नियम

Imperative sentences (commands, requests, advice) can be changed to passive voice in a few ways:

Using 'Let': Active: Open the door. Passive: Let the door be opened.
Using 'You are requested/ordered/advised to': Active: Please help me. Passive: You are requested to help me.
Example: Active: Do not make a noise. Passive: Let a noise not be made. OR You are ordered not to make a noise.

Practice and Revision Strategy for JTET | JTET के लिए अभ्यास और पुनरीक्षण रणनीति

Simply knowing the rules isn't enough; consistent practice is key to mastering Active and Passive Voice for JTET. Here's how you can prepare effectively:

Regular Practice: Solve a variety of questions from different tenses and sentence types daily.
Previous Year Papers: Analyze JTET previous year question papers to understand the pattern and types of questions asked on voice change.
Unictest Mock Tests: Utilize Unictest's comprehensive mock tests and practice sets which are designed according to the latest JTET syllabus.
Focus on Exceptions: Pay attention to sentences with two objects, phrasal verbs, and sentences where 'by' is omitted.
Self-Assessment: Regularly test yourself and identify areas where you make mistakes. Work on those specific areas.

Warning: Avoid rote memorization. Focus on understanding the logical transformation of subjects, objects, and verbs. Many students make errors by not correctly identifying the tense or the main verb's V3 form. Practice with mixed sentence types to build confidence.

Mastering Active and Passive Voice rules will undoubtedly boost your confidence and score in the JTET English section. Unictest provides all the necessary resources and guidance to help you achieve your goal. Happy learning!

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Frequently Asked Questions (JTET EXAM)

The basic difference lies in the subject's role. In Active Voice, the subject performs the action (e.g., 'He writes a letter'). In Passive Voice, the subject receives the action (e.g., 'A letter is written by him'). For JTET, understanding this fundamental distinction is key to correctly transforming sentences.

Active and Passive Voice is a crucial topic for JTET because it is regularly tested in the English language section of both Paper I and Paper II. Questions typically involve converting sentences from one voice to another or identifying the correct voice, contributing significantly to your overall score and demonstrating a strong grasp of grammar.

The key rules include: swapping the subject and object, always using a form of the 'to be' verb (is, am, are, was, were, be, being, been) according to the tense, using the past participle (V3) form of the main verb, and generally adding 'by' before the original subject (agent) in the passive sentence. For modals, 'be' is added after the modal.

Effective practice involves solving a wide range of questions across different tenses and sentence types. Regularly review JTET previous year papers, utilize Unictest's mock tests and practice sets, and pay special attention to imperative sentences and modal verbs. Consistent self-assessment helps identify and correct common errors.

Yes, generally four tenses do not have a passive voice construction: Future Continuous, Present Perfect Continuous, Past Perfect Continuous, and Future Perfect Continuous. For the JTET exam, you should focus on mastering the voice changes for the other eight tenses and modal/imperative sentences, as these are the most commonly tested.